Antenna transform electrical signal transmitted by transmitting equipments to electrical wave radiating to space, or receives electrical wave of space to electrical signal received by transmitting equipments. 

Unconfirmed direction radioed by antenna, free space forms a bond of three-dimensional beam. For example, the three-dimensional beam of half-wave oscillator like the shape of apple recesses along the direction of oscillator even reduces to nothing, but it is not convenient to show it by three-dimension wave. So it is suitable to show it by two profiles. The maxi antenna, like satellite antenna which can receive and launch waves and signal, is up to several meters, the small ones, only several cm, like mobile phone antenna, and antenna is indispensable in radios. Size of antenna we choose depends on your applications, needs and band complexly. Now, we can let half-wave oscillator coincide with Z-axis through the spherical coordinate which is in common use. When the center of the oscillator is down to the origin, two profiles are drawn completely. At azimuth, the profile of three-dimensional wave is a round, showing as diagram(a), the vertical ripped along Z-axis is the shape of “8”, showing as diagram(b). Due to drawing of the verity is a not function Ö , so three-dimension wave is symmetrical body which rotate around Z-axis.

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